Te āhuatanga noa o te waikura o te oko pēhanga

1. Te waikura whānui (e mōhiotia ana ko te waikura ōrite), he āhuatanga i puta mai i te waikura matū, i te waikura hiko rānei, ka taea e te waikura te tae atu ki ngā wāhanga katoa o te mata whakarewa kia ōrite, kia ōrite ai te hanganga me te whakaritenga o te whakarewa, ka waikura te mata whakarewa katoa i te tere ōrite. Mō ngā oko pēhanga maitai kore waikura, i roto i te taiao waikura me te uara PH iti, ka ngaro pea te pānga tiaki o te kiriata whakakore i te waikura nā te waikura, kātahi ka puta te waikura whānui. Ahakoa he waikura whānui i puta mai i te waikura matū, i te waikura hiko rānei, ko te āhuatanga noa ko te uaua ki te hanga i tētahi kiriata whakakore tiaki i runga i te mata o te rauemi i te wā o te waikura, ā, ka waikura pea ngā hua waikura i roto i te reo, ka hanga rānei i tētahi waikura porous wetekina, ka whakanui ake i te tukanga waikura. Kāore e taea te whakaiti i te kino o te waikura whānui: tuatahi, ka heke te rohe pēhanga o te huānga kawe oko pēhanga, ka puta pea he turuturu poka, he pakaru rānei, he para rānei nā te kore e ranea te kaha; Tuarua, i roto i te tukanga o te waikura whānui hikohiko, ka haere tahi te tauhohenga whakaiti H+, ka taea ai te whakakī i te rauemi ki te hauwai, ka arahi ki te pakarukaru hauwai me ētahi atu raruraru, koinei hoki te take me tango te hauwai o ngā taputapu i te wā e tiaki ana i te whakarewa.
2. Ko te poka waikura he āhuatanga waikura ā-rohe e tīmata ana i te mata o te konganuku, ā, ka whānui haere ki roto hei hanga i tētahi poka waikura iti, he āhua kōhao. I roto i tētahi taiao motuhake, i muri i tētahi wā, ka puta pea ētahi kōhao kua whakairohia, ētahi poka waikura rānei ki te mata o te konganuku, ā, ka haere tonu te whanaketanga o ēnei kōhao kua whakairohia ki te hohonutanga i roto i te wā. Ahakoa he iti pea te ngaronga taumaha o te konganuku tuatahi, nā te tere o te waikura ā-rohe, he maha ngā wā ka pokaia ngā pakitara o ngā taputapu me ngā paipa, ka puta he aituā ohorere. He uaua ki te tirotiro i te waikura poka waikura nā te mea he iti te rahi o te kōhao poka waikura, ā, he maha ngā wā ka kapihia e ngā hua waikura, nō reira he uaua ki te ine me te whakataurite i te nui o te poka waikura. Nō reira, ka taea te kī ko te waikura poka waikura tētahi o ngā momo waikura tino kino, tino kino hoki.
3. Ko te waikura ā-rohe he āhuatanga waikura ā-rohe e puta ana i te taha, i te taha rānei o te rohe o te witi, ko te nuinga nā te rerekētanga i waenga i te mata o te witi me te hanganga matū o roto, me te noho mai o ngā poke o te rohe witi, te ahotea o roto rānei. Ahakoa kāore pea te waikura ā-rohe e kitea whānuitia ana, ina puta, ka ngaro te kaha o te rauemi tata tonu, ā, he maha ngā wā ka pakaru ohorere te taputapu me te kore whakatūpato. Ko te mea kino rawa atu, ka ngāwari te huri i te waikura ā-rohe hei pakaru waikura ahotea ā-rohe, ka waiho hei pūtake o te pakaru waikura ahotea.
4. Ko te waikura āputa ko te āhuatanga waikura e puta ana i roto i te āputa whaiti (ko te whānui kei waenganui i te 0.02-0.1mm) i hangaia i runga i te mata whakarewa nā ngā mea ke, nā ngā take hanganga rānei. Me whaiti ēnei āputa kia taea ai e te wai te rere ki roto, kia tū ai, kia puta ai ngā āhuatanga mō te waikura o te āputa. I roto i ngā mahi whaihua, ko ngā hononga flange, ko ngā mata whakakī nati, ko ngā hononga whiri, ko ngā hononga whakarewa kāore i whakarewahia, ko ngā kapiti, ko ngā pūwero mata, ko te para whakarewa kāore i horoia, kāore hoki i whakatakotoria ki runga i te mata whakarewa o te unahi, ko ngā poke, me ētahi atu, ka waiho hei āputa, ka hua ake he waikura āputa. He mea noa tēnei momo waikura ā-rohe, ā, he tino whakangaro, ā, ka taea te kino i te pumau o ngā hononga miihini me te piri o ngā taputapu, ka arahi ki te rahunga o ngā taputapu, tae atu ki ngā aituā whakangaro. Nō reira, he mea tino nui te aukati me te whakahaere i te waikura āputa, ā, me tiaki me te horoi tonu i ngā taputapu.
5. Ko te waikura ahotea te 49% o ngā momo waikura katoa o ngā ipu katoa, e tohuhia ana e te pānga mahi tahi o te ahotea ahunga me te waikura, ka hua ake he pakaru pakarukaru. Ka taea e tēnei momo pakaru te puta ehara i te mea i te rohe o te kōhao anake, engari i roto hoki i te kōhao tonu. Mā te whanaketanga hohonu o ngā pakaru ki roto o te konganuku, ka heke te kaha o te hanganga konganuku, ā, ka pakaru ohorere te taputapu konganuku me te kore whakatūpato. Nō reira, ko te pakaru i puta mai i te waikura ahotea (SCC) he āhuatanga o te whakangaromanga ohorere me te kaha, ina oti te hanga o te pakaru, he tino tere te tere o te horapa, ā, kāore he whakatūpato nui i mua i te pakaru, he momo pakaru taputapu tino kino.
6. Ko te āhuatanga waikura whakamutunga e kitea whānuitia ana ko te waikura ngenge, e pā ana ki te tukanga o te pakaru haere o te mata o te rauemi tae noa ki te pakaru i raro i te mahi tahi a te ahotea tauutuutu me te waikura. Ko te pānga tahi o te waikura me te taumahatanga tauutuutu o te rauemi ka whakapoto i te wā tīmatanga me te huringa o ngā kapiti ngenge, ā, ka piki ake te tere horapa o te kapiti, ka tino whakaitihia te rohe ngenge o ngā rauemi whakarewa. Ehara i te mea ka tere ake te pakaru wawe o te wāhanga pēhanga o te taputapu e tēnei āhuatanga, engari ka iti ake te roa o te ora o te oko pēhanga i hangaia kia rite ki ngā paearu ngenge i te mea e tumanakohia ana. I roto i te tukanga whakamahinga, hei ārai i ngā āhuatanga waikura maha pērā i te waikura ngenge o ngā oko pēhanga kowiri tira, me mahi ēnei mahi: ia 6 marama kia tino horoia te roto o te tāke whakahoromata, te tāke wai wera me ētahi atu taputapu; Mena he teitei te pakeke o te wai, ā, neke atu i te 8 hāora te whakamahinga o ngā taputapu i te rā, ka horoia ia 3 marama.