Ko te koretake o te kai kēne e pā ana ki te āhua koretake, kāore he moroiti mate me ngā moroiti kore-mate ka taea te whakaputa uri i roto i te kai kēne i muri i te maimoatanga whakahoromata wera ngawari o te kai kēne, he mea nui tēnei kia roa ake te ora o te kai kēne i runga i te whakarite i te haumaru me te kounga o te kai. Ko te koretake o te kai kēne i roto i ngā whakamātautau moroiti kai e tohuhia ana e te koretake, kāore he moroiti mate, me te kore he moroiti ka taea te whakaputa uri i roto i ngā kēne i te pāmahana rūma.
Hei whakatutuki i ngā paerewa parakore arumoni e whakaaetia ana, ko te tukanga whakaputa kai kēne he whakauru i ngā tukanga pēnei i te maimoatanga o mua o ngā rauemi mata, te whakakī, te hiri, te whakahoromata tika, me te takai. Ko ngā kaihanga he hangarau whakaputa matatau ake me ngā whakaritenga whakahaere kounga teitei ake he uaua ake, he tino pai ake hoki ā rātou tukanga whakaputa.
Kua oti kē te hangarau tirotiro i te parakore o ngā kēne arumoni i roto i te tirotiro i ngā moroiti kai, ā, he pai ake te tātari i tōna tukanga motuhake hei whakamahi pai ake i tēnei hangarau i roto i ngā mahi whaihua hei whakarite i te haumaru kai o ngā kai kēne. Ko te tukanga motuhake o te tirotiro i te parakore o ngā kēne arumoni i roto i te tirotiro i ngā moroiti kai koia tēnei (tērā pea he maha atu ngā tūemi tirotiro a ētahi tari tirotiro tuatoru tino kaha ake):
1. Ahurea huakita i roto i te kēne
Ko te whakatipu huakita kēne tētahi o ngā tukanga nui i roto i te tirotiro i te parakore o ngā kai kēne. Mā te whakatipu ngaio i ngā ihirangi o ngā tauira kēne, me te tātari me te tirotiro i ngā koroni huakita kua whakatipuria, ka taea te aromatawai i ngā wāhanga moroiti i roto i ngā kai kēne.
Ko ngā moroiti mate pāwera noa i roto i ngā kēne ko ngā huakita wera-aroha, pērā i te Bacillus stearothermophilus, te Bacillus coagulans, te Clostridium saccharolyticus, te Clostridium niger, me ētahi atu; ngā huakita anaerobic mesophilic, pērā i te paitini botulinum Clostridium, te Clostridium spoilage, te Clostridium butyricum, te Clostridium pasteurianum, me ētahi atu; ngā huakita aerobic mesophilic, pērā i te Bacillus subtilis, te Bacillus cereus, me ētahi atu; ngā huakita kore-pūpū pērā i te Escherichia coli, te Streptococcus, te rewena me te pokepokea ai, te pokepokea ai ātete-wera me ētahi atu. I mua i te whakahaere i te ahurea huakita kēne, me whakarite kia inehia te pH o te kēne hei whiriwhiri i te reo tika.
2. Te tango tauira o ngā rauemi whakamātautau
Ko te tikanga tauira te tikanga e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō te tauira o ngā rauemi whakamātautau o ngā kai kēne. Ina whakamātautauhia ngā puranga nui o ngā kai kēne, ka mahia te tauira i runga i ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te kaihanga, te tohu hokohoko, te momo, te pūtake o ngā kai kēne, te wā hanga rānei. Mō ngā kēne rerekē pēnei i ngā kēne waikura, ngā kēne pakaru, ngā pakaru, me ngā pupuhi i roto i te hokohoko a ngā kaihokohoko me ngā whare putunga, ka mahia te tauira motuhake i runga i te āhuatanga. Ko te whakaritenga matua mō te tauira o ngā rauemi whakamātautau ko te whiriwhiri i te tikanga tauira tika i runga i te āhuatanga tūturu, kia whiwhi ai i ngā rauemi whakamātautau e whakaata ana i te kounga o ngā kai kēne.
3. Tauira rāhui
I mua i te pupuri i te tauira, me mahi ngā mahi pēnei i te pauna, te pupuri i te mahana, me te whakatuwhera i ngā kēne. Paunahia te taumaha kupenga o te kēne motuhake, i runga i te momo kēne, me tika ki te 1 karamu, ki te 2 karamu rānei. Me te pH me te pāmahana, ka puritia ngā kēne ki te pāmahana pumau mō ngā rā 10; ko ngā kēne momona, turuturu rānei i te wā o te tukanga me tango tonu hei tirotiro. Kia oti te tukanga tiaki wera, whakatakotoria te kēne ki te pāmahana rūma kia tuwhera ai. Kia oti te whakatuwheratanga o te kēne, whakamahia ngā taputapu tika hei tango i te 10-20 mg o te ihirangi i mua i te wā i roto i te āhua parakore, whakawhitia ki roto i te ipu parakore, ka rongoa ki roto i te pouaka whakamātao.
4.Ahurea kai waikawa iti
Ko te whakatipu kai iti-waikawa me whai tikanga motuhake: te whakatipu hupa papura brompotassium i te 36 °C, te whakatipu hupa papura brompotassium i te 55 °C, me te whakatipu mīti kua tunua i te 36 °C. Ka pania ngā hua, ka pania ki te tae, ā, ka whakaritea he tātaritanga tika ake i muri i te tirotiro karuiti, kia tika ai te whakamātautau tautuhi momo kitakita i roto i ngā kai iti-waikawa. I te whakatipu i roto i te ipu, arotahi ki te tirotiro i te whakaputanga waikawa me te whakaputanga hau o ngā koroni moroiti i runga i te ipu, tae atu ki te āhua me te tae o ngā koroni, kia whakaū ai i ngā momo moroiti motuhake i roto i te kai.
5. Whakamātautau karuiti
Ko te whakamātautau paninga karuārahi te tikanga tirotiro matua e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō te whakamātautau parakore o ngā kēne arumoni, e hiahiatia ana he kaitirotiro kounga mātau hei whakaoti. I roto i te taiao parakore, mā te whakamahi i te mahi aseptic, pania te wai huakita o ngā moroiti kei roto i ngā tauira kēne kua whakatipuria i te pāmahana pumau i roto i te reo, ā, tirohia te āhua o ngā huakita i raro i te karuārahi kaha-teitei, kia taea ai te whakatau i ngā momo moroiti i roto i te wai huakita. Te tirotiro, me te whakarite i te taahiraa e whai ake nei o te ahurea kua whakatikatikaina me te tautuhi hei whakaū anō i te momo huakita kei roto i te kēne. Ko tēnei taahiraa e hiahiatia ana he kounga ngaio tino teitei o ngā kaitirotiro, ā, kua waiho hoki hei hononga e taea ai te whakamātautau pai i te mōhiotanga me ngā pūkenga ngaio o ngā kaitirotiro.
6. Whakamātautau whakatipu mō ngā kai waikawa me te pH i raro i te 4.6
Mō ngā kai waikawa he iti iho i te 4.6 te pH, kāore e hiahiatia te whakamātautau huakita paihana kai. I roto i te tukanga whakatipu motuhake, hei tāpiritanga ki te whakamahi i te hupa waikawa hei reo, me whakamahi hoki i te hupa tangohanga moro hei reo whakatipu. Mā te paninga me te tirotiro mariko o ngā koroni huakita kua whakatipuria, ka taea te whakatau i ngā momo huakita i roto i ngā kēne waikawa, kia pai ake ai te aromatawai i te haumaru kai o ngā kēne waikawa.
Wā tuku: 10-Ākuhata-2022